Wave function collapse is a crucial concept in quantum mechanics, illustrating the transformation of a quantum system's probability distribution from a superposition of possible states into a definite state upon measurement.
In a superposition, quantum particles exist in multiple possible states simultaneously, each with an associated probability amplitude. However, when a measurement is made, the wave function representing these possibilities collapses, and the particle is found in one of the states with a corresponding probability.
This phenomenon introduces inherent uncertainty into quantum systems and is central to understanding quantum experiments. It is often illustrated by the famous Schrödinger's cat thought experiment, demonstrating the peculiar behavior of quantum particles and the role of observation.
Wave function collapse is a cornerstone of quantum theory and has profound implications for our understanding of the quantum world.